Reciprocal System Research Society

I was investigating how states of matter occur in the Reciprocal System, based on heat. Simply put, when the magnitude of the thermal motion exceeds the unit space boundary, it imparts a vectorial motion to the atom, causing it to shift position, making a gap between atoms. The "state" of matter is therefore dependent upon how many dimensions this knocking around goes in.

#dims outside unit space, the "thermal vibration":

0 = solid

1 = liquid

2 = vapor (cohesive gas)

3 = gas (non-cohesive gas).
The diagram shows how thermal motion in 0, 1, 2 or 3 dimensions would effect the ambit of the atom. In the solid state, not much happens. In the liquid, one dimension is vibrating, giving a degree of freedom in that dimension, loosing up the cohesion of the aggregate. In the vapor state, 2 dimensions are knocking around, and in the gas state, all three are vibrating, therefore making it impossible for a gas to "adhere" as an aggregate, except for gravitational attraction.

Normally the latter two (2 and 3 dims outside of unit space) appear to us as a gas, as there is very little observed difference between them. I labeled them "vapor" and "gas", based on a comment Nehru made to Larson long ago, which makes sense to me. The only functional difference is that the "vapor" will act more mist-like at an atomic level, whereas gas will just expand to fill any contained volume, even if it is the entire Earth's atmosphere.

The idea actually comes from something I was reading about steam (I had got to wondering why clouds held their shapes), which said that when water boils, it emits a gas which rapidly condenses into droplets, forming the steam cloud (a mist) we see emerging from the pot.

I suspect that this isn't entirely true--that the "droplets" are actually the vapor state of gas, where the gas is still cohesive into what appears to be a droplet. Contact with any object would drop the temperature back to liquid (which is what happens when they try to observe/measure it). Left on its own, directly above a heat source like the stove, it would shift to a "3" gas and dissipate in the air, as we observe steam to do.

Now this brings up the idea of inverse states of matter, as Nehru discovered in his research on the sun. The normal states of matter are all within the "low temperature" range of less than 1 natural unit. There are two other ranges, the intermediate (1-2 units) and ultra high (2-3 units). Nehru identifies the "intermediate" range as inverse gas, inverse liquid and inverse solid. The ultra high range was identified as the "thredule".

But, like speed ranges, the inversion of geometry was not considered as we cross the thermal boundaries. If we apply the same logic to heat as to speed, then the "intermediate" thermal range will be polar -- 2 dimensional and counterspatial.

Nehru makes reference to a 2d LINEAR vibration, which is rather hard to conceive of, until you learn about the "turn" of counterspace -- basically, a 2d LINE which looks like a rotation, but acts like a line.

This makes things interesting, because when the intermediate temperature range is reached, the "linear" motion that keeps the atoms apart now becomes a "rotational" motion, keeping them together. What was "real" in the low temperature range is now "complex" in the intermediate range, where a mixture of linear and polar geometries can co-exist. This may solve one of the mysteries of plasmas, where the positively-charged atoms should fly apart from each other, but do the exact opposite--attract. Plasmas, being very hot, are most likely in the intermediate thermal range, acting as an inverse-gas or inverse-liquid.

I've been typesetting Larson's Liquid State papers, trying to come up with a computer model for thermal motion--not as easy as it sounds. The primary difference between thermal motion, a linear vibration, and the photon, also a linear vibration, is that thermal motion takes place inside the time region of an atom, and although a 1-dimensional motion, effects all three dimensions of motion (what Larson calls a distributed scalar motion).

Because the vibration is in time, rather than in space, the outward half of the cycle in time is ignored, as being coincident with the temporal aspect of the progression. Therefore, only the inward half of the vibration--in time--has any net effect. Inward in time = outward in space, so the thermal vibration acts in conjunction with the spatial aspect of the progression, increasing inter-atomic distance in those dimensions where it has an effect. When the magnitude of the thermal motion (aka, it's "frequency") becomes large enough to push that dimension past the atom's gravitational limit, there is no longer any cohesion in that dimension of motion. Hence, we get the states of matter described in the topic, which is defined by the number of dimensions that thermal motion has a magnitude that is larger than the inward, gravitational motion.

This structure makes "heat" a property of the atom, not of the aggregate. Conventional science believes heat to be a property of the aggregate, so all of our measurement techniques are based on statistical probability, not atomic structure. Based on Larson's research, a "liquid" is defined as a condition when 30% of the atoms (or molecules) in an aggregate have ONE dimension of thermal motion exceeding the gravitational motion--not all of them--70% of the atoms are still in the solid state of that "liquid." (These percentages give rise to the concept of viscosity and fluidity.)

In the molecular situation, it is a clear-cut demarcation based solely on dimensions. A molecule cannot be partly solid and partly liquid--as an aggregate can--it's either one or the other. So when working with thermal properties, the melting and critical points tend to be arbitrary, based on observation of a certain percentage of atoms in the aggregate reaching a specific state.

In Nehru's dialogues with Larson, he mentions the fact that there are 4 states of matter, not three, as described in the opening topic. Science has finally caught up with the RS, and now admits to a "supercritical fluid" that has all the properties of Nehru's "vapor" state, being a mix between the liquid and gaseous states. I consider this to be more validation of Larson's thermal concepts.